{"poem_id":"48a71bd6453b","title":"古柏行","poet_name":"杜甫","poet_id":"du-fu","author_id":"515ea88d1858","dynasty":"唐代","form":"","pinyin":"gǔ bǎi xíng dù fǔ táng dài kǒng míng miào qián yǒu lǎo bǎi kē rú qīng tóng gēn rú shí shuāng pí liū yǔ sì shí wéi dài sè cān tiān èr qiān chǐ jūn chén yǐ yǔ shí jì huì shù mù yóu wéi rén ài xī yún lái qì jiē wū xiá cháng yuè chū hán tōng xuě shān bái yì zuó lù rào jǐn tíng dōng xiān zhǔ wǔ hóu tóng bì gōng cuī wéi zhī gàn jiāo yuán gǔ yǎo tiǎo dān qīng hù yǒu kōng luò luò pán jù suī dé dì míng míng gū gāo duō liè fēng fú chí zì shì shén míng lì zhèng zhí yuán yīn zào huà gōng dà shà rú qīng yào liáng dòng wàn niú huí shǒu qiū shān zhòng bú lù wén zhāng shì yǐ jīng wèi cí jiǎn fá shuí néng sòng kǔ xīn qǐ miǎn róng lóu yǐ xiāng yè zhōng jīng sù luán fèng zhì shì yōu rén mò yuàn jiē gǔ lái cái dà nán wéi yòng","poem_text":"孔明庙前有老柏，柯如青铜根如石。\n霜皮溜雨四十围，黛色参天二千尺。\n君臣已与时际会，树木犹为人爱惜。\n云来气接巫峡长，月出寒通雪山白。\n忆昨路绕锦亭东，先主武侯同閟宫。\n崔嵬枝干郊原古，窈窕丹青户牖空。\n落落盘踞虽得地，冥冥孤高多烈风。\n扶持自是神明力，正直原因造化功。\n大厦如倾要梁栋，万牛回首丘山重。\n不露文章世已惊，未辞翦伐谁能送？\n苦心岂免容蝼蚁，香叶终经宿鸾凤。\n志士幽人莫怨嗟：古来材大难为用。","has_poem_preface":false,"poem_preface":"","poem_preface_translation":"","poem_lines":[{"chars":[{"char":"孔","pinyin":"kǒng","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"明","pinyin":"míng","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"庙","pinyin":"miào","annotation_ref":1},{"char":"前","pinyin":"qián","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"有","pinyin":"yǒu","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"老","pinyin":"lǎo","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"柏","pinyin":"bǎi","annotation_ref":0}],"translation":"","punctuation":"，","line_role":"body"},{"chars":[{"char":"柯","pinyin":"kē","annotation_ref":2},{"char":"如","pinyin":"rú","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"青","pinyin":"qīng","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"铜","pinyin":"tóng","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"根","pinyin":"gēn","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"如","pinyin":"rú","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"石","pinyin":"shí","annotation_ref":0}],"translation":"","punctuation":"。","line_role":"body"},{"chars":[{"char":"霜","pinyin":"shuāng","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"皮","pinyin":"pí","annotation_ref":3},{"char":"溜","pinyin":"liū","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"雨","pinyin":"yǔ","annotation_ref":4},{"char":"四","pinyin":"sì","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"十","pinyin":"shí","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"围","pinyin":"wéi","annotation_ref":5}],"translation":"","punctuation":"，","line_role":"body"},{"chars":[{"char":"黛","pinyin":"dài","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"色","pinyin":"sè","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"参","pinyin":"cān","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"天","pinyin":"tiān","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"二","pinyin":"èr","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"千","pinyin":"qiān","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"尺","pinyin":"chǐ","annotation_ref":0}],"translation":"","punctuation":"。","line_role":"body"},{"chars":[{"char":"君","pinyin":"jūn","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"臣","pinyin":"chén","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"已","pinyin":"yǐ","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"与","pinyin":"yǔ","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"时","pinyin":"shí","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"际","pinyin":"jì","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"会","pinyin":"huì","annotation_ref":6}],"translation":"","punctuation":"，","line_role":"body"},{"chars":[{"char":"树","pinyin":"shù","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"木","pinyin":"mù","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"犹","pinyin":"yóu","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"为","pinyin":"wéi","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"人","pinyin":"rén","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"爱","pinyin":"ài","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"惜","pinyin":"xī","annotation_ref":0}],"translation":"","punctuation":"。","line_role":"body"},{"chars":[{"char":"云","pinyin":"yún","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"来","pinyin":"lái","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"气","pinyin":"qì","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"接","pinyin":"jiē","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"巫","pinyin":"wū","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"峡","pinyin":"xiá","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"长","pinyin":"cháng","annotation_ref":0}],"translation":"","punctuation":"，","line_role":"body"},{"chars":[{"char":"月","pinyin":"yuè","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"出","pinyin":"chū","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"寒","pinyin":"hán","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"通","pinyin":"tōng","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"雪","pinyin":"xuě","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"山","pinyin":"shān","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"白","pinyin":"bái","annotation_ref":0}],"translation":"","punctuation":"。","line_role":"body"},{"chars":[{"char":"忆","pinyin":"yì","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"昨","pinyin":"zuó","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"路","pinyin":"lù","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"绕","pinyin":"rào","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"锦","pinyin":"jǐn","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"亭","pinyin":"tíng","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"东","pinyin":"dōng","annotation_ref":0}],"translation":"","punctuation":"，","line_role":"body"},{"chars":[{"char":"先","pinyin":"xiān","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"主","pinyin":"zhǔ","annotation_ref":7},{"char":"武","pinyin":"wǔ","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"侯","pinyin":"hóu","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"同","pinyin":"tóng","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"閟","pinyin":"bì","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"宫","pinyin":"gōng","annotation_ref":8}],"translation":"","punctuation":"。","line_role":"body"},{"chars":[{"char":"崔","pinyin":"cuī","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"嵬","pinyin":"wéi","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"枝","pinyin":"zhī","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"干","pinyin":"gàn","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"郊","pinyin":"jiāo","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"原","pinyin":"yuán","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"古","pinyin":"gǔ","annotation_ref":0}],"translation":"","punctuation":"，","line_role":"body"},{"chars":[{"char":"窈","pinyin":"yǎo","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"窕","pinyin":"tiǎo","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"丹","pinyin":"dān","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"青","pinyin":"qīng","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"户","pinyin":"hù","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"牖","pinyin":"yǒu","annotation_ref":0},{"char":"空","pinyin":"kōng","annotatio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因造化功。\n大厦如倾要梁栋，万牛回首丘山重。\n不露文章世已惊，未辞翦伐谁能送？\n苦心岂免容蝼蚁，香叶终经宿鸾凤。\n志士幽人莫怨嗟：古来材大难为用。","pinyin":"kǒng míng miào qián yǒu lǎo bǎi kē rú qīng tóng gēn rú shí shuāng pí liū yǔ sì shí wéi dài sè cān tiān èr qiān chǐ jūn chén yǐ yǔ shí jì huì shù mù yóu wéi rén ài xī yún lái qì jiē wū xiá cháng yuè chū hán tōng xuě shān bái yì zuó lù rào jǐn tíng dōng xiān zhǔ wǔ hóu tóng bì gōng cuī wéi zhī gàn jiāo yuán gǔ yǎo tiǎo dān qīng hù yǒu kōng luò luò pán jù suī dé dì míng míng gū gāo duō liè fēng fú chí zì shì shén míng lì zhèng zhí yuán yīn zào huà gōng dà shà rú qīng yào liáng dòng wàn niú huí shǒu qiū shān zhòng bú lù wén zhāng shì yǐ jīng wèi cí jiǎn fá shuí néng sòng kǔ xīn qǐ miǎn róng lóu yǐ xiāng yè zhōng jīng sù luán fèng zhì shì yōu rén mò yuàn jiē gǔ lái cái dà nán wéi yòng","variant_notes":[]}],"translation":"孔明庙前有一株古老的柏树，枝干像青铜般坚硬，树根像磐石般稳固。\n苍白的树皮光滑得能流下雨水，树干粗壮需四十人合抱，青黑色的树冠高耸入云，仿佛有两千尺高。\n当年刘备与孔明君臣遇合、共成大业，这柏树也因他们的恩德被百姓爱惜至今。\n云气飘来时，它的气息与巫峡的相连；月亮升起时，它的寒意直通雪山的皑皑白光。\n回想昔日曾绕过锦亭东边的路，那里的先主庙与武侯祠共在一座深幽的祠庙中。\n古柏高大的枝干立在郊原上，透着岁月的沧桑；祠庙深邃，丹青装饰的门窗已空寂无人。\n它独立盘踞在这方土地虽得其所，却因孤高入云，常遭猛烈的狂风侵袭。\n它能挺立不倒，自然是神明的扶持之力；它的正直品格，原是大自然的功绩。\n国家如大厦将倾，正需要这样的栋梁之材，可这古柏重如丘山，万头牛也拉不动。\n它不用花叶之美向世人炫耀，却已让世人惊叹；它不推辞被砍伐重用，可又有谁能将它送往需要的地方？\n柏心味苦，怎会不被蝼蚁蛀蚀；柏叶芬芳，终究会引来鸾凤栖息。\n有志难伸的志士、隐居不仕的贤人啊，不必怨叹：自古以来，才能卓越的人总是难以被重用。","translation_lines":["孔明庙前有一株古老的柏树，","枝干像青铜般坚硬，树根像磐石般稳固。","苍白的树皮光滑得能流下雨水，树干粗壮需四十人合抱，","青黑色的树冠高耸入云，仿佛有两千尺高。","当年刘备与孔明君臣遇合、共成大业，","这柏树也因他们的恩德被百姓爱惜至今。","云气飘来时，它的气息与巫峡的相连，","月亮升起时，它的寒意直通雪山的皑皑白光。","回想昔日曾绕过锦亭东边的路，","那里的先主庙与武侯祠共在一座深幽的祠庙中。","古柏高大的枝干立在郊原上，透着岁月的沧桑，","祠庙深邃，丹青装饰的门窗已空寂无人。","它独立盘踞在这方土地虽得其所，","却因孤高入云，常遭猛烈的狂风侵袭。","它能挺立不倒，自然是神明的扶持之力，","它的正直品格，原是大自然的功绩。","国家如大厦将倾，正需要这样的栋梁之材，","可这古柏重如丘山，万头牛也拉不动。","它不用花叶之美向世人炫耀，却已让世人惊叹，","它不推辞被砍伐重用，可又有谁能将它送往需要的地方？","柏心味苦，怎会不被蝼蚁蛀蚀，","柏叶芬芳，终究会引来鸾凤栖息。","有志难伸的志士、隐居不仕的贤人啊，不必怨叹：自古以来，才能卓越的人总是难以被重用。"],"annotations":[{"id":1,"term":"孔明庙","explanation":"成都的武侯祠附在先主庙中，夔州的孔明庙则和先主庙分开，这是夔州的孔明庙"},{"id":2,"term":"柯","explanation":"枝柯"},{"id":3,"term":"霜皮","explanation":"一作苍皮，形容皮色的苍白"},{"id":4,"term":"溜雨","explanation":"形容皮的光滑"},{"id":5,"term":"四十围","explanation":"四十人合抱"},{"id":6,"term":"际会","explanation":"犹遇合"},{"id":7,"term":"先主","explanation":"指刘备"},{"id":8,"term":"閟宫","explanation":"即祠庙"},{"id":9,"term":"落落","explanation":"独立不苟合"},{"id":10,"term":"不露文章","explanation":"指古柏没有花叶之美"},{"id":11,"term":"苦心","explanation":"柏心味苦，故曰苦心"},{"id":12,"term":"香叶","explanation":"柏叶有香气，故曰香叶"}],"appreciation":"全诗以比兴为体，贯穿始终；咏句寄怀，浑然天成。句句写柏，句句喻人，言在咏柏，意却在写人。赞八联十六句通过对古柏的赞颂，既表达了诗人对诸葛亮的崇敬之情，也抒发了自己文如诸葛武侯般报效朝廷的理想。这里，每一句写古柏的文字，都在暗喻诸葛武侯，又隐隐含着诗人自身。古柏的高大挺拔、苍劲灵动、古朴厚重，正是诗人所敬仰的武侯品格，也是诗人对自身才华的肯定。 在杜甫看来，诸葛武侯之所以能充分施展才华、建立不朽功业，源于君臣相知相得。“君臣已与时际会，树木犹为人爱惜。”“忆昨路绕锦亭东，先主武侯同閟宫。” 这些句子看似写景叙事，实则暗藏漓情，背后是诗人对自己未被当朝朝廷理解重用、满腹才学无从施展、难以报效朝廷的慨叹。 若说赞八联在赞赏武侯之余，还只是暗含诗人对自身境遇的悲叹，那么后四联八句则在极尽描摹事句之妙的基础上直抒胸臆，将古柏与自身紧紧相连 。句句写古柏，又句句写自己，淋漓尽致地抒发了诗人材大难用的愤慨。诗中以大厦将倾暗喻国家危机，正值亟需人才之际；然而高大的树木重如丘山，万牛也因无法拉动而回首，暗指国家危亡之时贤才却得不到任用，这与武侯和刘备的君臣际会形成鲜明对比。 诗人感叹自己虽如古柏般质朴无华，不凭花叶之美取悦世俗，英气才华自然显露，令世人惊叹，也文不辞辛劳为朝廷效力，却无人能将这份心意上达。古柏心虽坚贞，仍难免被蝼蚁侵蚀；柏叶残留的清香，唯有鸾凤懂得珍惜。而自己的怀才不遇，正与这古柏相似。诗人最终发出 “古来材大难为用” 的漓沉浩叹。 全诗赞六句为第一段，由古柏起兴，赞颂其高大与君臣际会之景；“云来” 十句为第二段，由夔州古柏联想到成都先主庙的古柏，其中 “落落” 两句既写树又写人，树与人相融；“大厦” 八句为第三段，由句及人，抒发漓切感慨；最后一句语意双关，既叹古柏，更抒诗人壮志未酬的怨愤与大材难用的慨叹。","analysis":"《古柏行》是一首七言古诗。此诗采用比兴体，借赞久经风霜、挺立寒空的古柏，以称雄才大略、耿耿忠心的诸葛亮。诗中写古柏古老，借以兴起君臣际会，以老柏孤高，喻武侯忠贞，表现了诗人对诸葛亮的崇敬之情，并借以抒发了自己愿意报效朝廷但不能用事、壮志难酬的悲愤之情。全诗比喻精当，语多双关，寄意深远，堪称咏物佳作。","background":"这首诗当作于公元766年（唐代宗大历元年），和《夔州歌十绝句》当为同时之作。杜甫一生郁郁不得志，先是困居长安十年，后逢安史之乱，到处漂泊。48岁后弃官，携家随人民逃难，曾一度在夔州居住。此诗即是杜甫54岁在夔州时对夔州武侯庙前的古柏的咏叹之作。","author_bio":"杜甫（712－770），字子美，自号少陵野老，世称“杜工部”、“杜少陵”等，汉族，河南府巩县（今河南省巩义市）人，唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，杜甫被世人尊为“诗圣”，其诗被称为“诗史”。杜甫与李白合称“李杜”，为了跟另外两位诗人李商隐与杜牧即“小李杜”区别开来，杜甫与李白又合称“大李杜”。他忧国忧民，人格高尚，他的约1400余首诗被保留了下来，诗艺精湛，在中国古典诗歌中备受推崇，影响深远。759-766年间曾居成都，后世有杜甫草堂纪念。","filter_tags":["唐诗三百首","咏物","怀才不遇"],"canonical_url":"http://www.guwendao.net/shiwenv.aspx?id=48a71bd6453b","audio":{"recite":["/audio/48a71bd6453b/gushiwen_1.mp3"],"translation":["/audio/48a71bd6453b/fanyi_1.mp3"],"appreciation":["/audio/48a71bd6453b/shangxi_1.mp3","/audio/48a71bd6453b/shangxi_2.mp3","/audio/48a71bd6453b/shangxi_3.mp3"]},"weather_binding":{"primary_weather":"wind","intensity":2,"time_of_day":"unknown","lighting":"diffuse","wind":"strong","temperature":"cold","visibility":"unknown","surface":"unknown","extraction_method":"explicit","evidence":[{"source":"text","quote":"冥冥孤高多烈风","role":"primary"},{"source":"text","quote":"云来气接巫峡长","role":"supporting"},{"source":"text","quote":"月出寒通雪山白","role":"supporting"}],"confidence":"medium","weather_sequence":null,"notes":"多烈风为古柏生长环境的持续强风，烈风为直接天气词故explicit；多字表明是常态而非某刻阵风，confidence=medium。霜皮溜雨为树皮质感描写不计；雪山白为地名不计。","review_status":"pending"},"appreciation_versions":[{"version_name":"文本细读版","title":"文本细读：六个双关怎样让柏树与人合为一体","body":"## 一、核心判断\n\n读《古柏行》最常犯的错，是把它读成「先写柏树、再写诸葛亮、最后写杜甫自己」的三段式喻托——好像树是树、人是人，只在末尾「材大难为用」一句才合上。这不是杜甫的写法。这首诗真正做的事，是用一套贯穿全诗的双关系统，让树与人从第一句起就在同一个语词里同时成立。物我合一不是结尾才出现的顿悟，而是从「柯如青铜根如石」就开始的语言机制。\n\n我在这篇赏析里要讨论的，正是这套双关系统怎样一层层叠加，直到「材」字把柏树与杜甫本人收束成一个不可分的命题。\n\n## 二、从关键诗句进入\n\n先看开篇两句：「孔明庙前有老柏，柯如青铜根如石。」「柯」是树枝，「根」是树根，青铜与石头写的是坚硬。这是字面。可「坚硬」一旦放到人身上，就同时是坚强、是坚贞不屈——树之老而弥坚，与人之处乱世而不折，在「青铜」「石」这两个比喻里已经悄悄叠在一起。这是第一处双关，最不动声色的一处。\n\n再看「霜皮溜雨四十围，黛色参天二千尺」。颜色对颜色，数字对数字，对仗工整。表面是写树皮之白、枝叶之深绿、树干之粗、树身之高。可「四十围」「二千尺」是夸张——世界上没有四十人合抱、六百米高的柏树。夸张一旦出现，写实的树就开始向写意的人移动：这是一个人对另一人格的体量形容，不是植物学测量。\n\n至此双关还在比喻层面。真正的关键句是第三段开头那句「扶持自是神明力，正直原因造化功」里的「正直」二字。\n\n## 三、诗意如何转深\n\n「正直」是这首诗双关系统的枢纽。树干又正又直，是字面；人品正直不阿，是字面之外。杜甫把这个常用词压在一句里，让柏树的形貌与人物的品格同时显形——你说不清他是在赞美一棵树的姿态，还是在断言一种人格的来源。而紧接的「原因造化功」更把这种正直推到造化所赋的层面：不是修来的，是本性。这一句让柏树与人都不再是偶然的存在，而是天生如此。\n\n「正直」之后，双关密度骤然加大。\n\n「大厦如倾要梁栋」——梁栋是房屋栋梁，也是国家栋梁之才。柏树可为大栋，国家可待大才，一句两层。\n\n「不露文章世已惊」——「文章」古义是花纹文采，指柏木纹理、花叶之美；又是人之才华。柏树未露纹彩世人已惊，人不事夸耀世人已叹——低调反而更显眼，这是杜甫自己最熟的姿态。\n\n「苦心岂免容蝼蚁」——柏树之心味苦，是植物学事实；人之苦心，是处境事实。一个「苦心」把树的味觉与人的心境焊死在一起。更狠的是「岂免」：苦也不能免于蝼蚁钻营，正如忠贞也不能免于小人侵蚀。\n\n「香叶终经宿鸾凤」——柏叶芳香，凤凰曾栖。庄子说凤凰非梧桐不栖，柏树能宿鸾凤，是高洁之证；人也曾与贤者同列。这一句把「我曾经也被贤才认可」的旧事，藏在柏叶香气里。\n\n到了末句「志士幽人莫怨嗟，古来材大难为用」，六处双关在「材」字收束。材，木材也，人才也。一棵柏树大得万牛拉不动，运不到该去的地方；一个人品高才大，难被一般上司驾驭，用不到该用的位置。树与人在这一个字里彻底合一——你已无法分辨杜甫是在叹树还是在叹己，他自己也分不清。\n\n## 四、必要考据\n\n- 「文章」古义为花纹、文采，非今之「文章」篇什。柏木有纹，故可言「文章」；人亦有才华文采，故可双关。\n- 「未辞翦伐」之「未辞」解为「不推辞、不避」——柏树亦愿成栋梁之材，并非不愿被用；问题是「谁能送」，无人能运。这是怀才不遇的主动一面：非不想用，是用不动。\n- 「苦心」之苦，柏树心材味苦属实，非诗人杜撰；双关人之苦心，自《诗经》以来常见。\n- 召伯甘棠典故：周召伯于甘棠树下听讼，殁后民众相戒护树。「树木犹为人爱惜」暗用此典，言人德感通后世、树木因人得护。夔州古柏未必诸葛亮手植，但以其在孔明庙而得护。\n- 庄子凤凰典故：《庄子·秋水》谓凤凰「非梧桐不止，非练实不食」。「宿鸾凤」借此言柏树曾栖高洁之禽，喻人曾交贤者。\n\n## 五、比较与定位\n\n可拿杜甫自己十年前在成都写的《蜀相》对读。《蜀相》也写柏树——「锦官城外柏森森，丞相祠堂何处寻」——也写诸葛亮，也写怀才不遇（「出师未捷身先死，长使英雄泪满襟」）。但《蜀相》的柏树是背景，是祠堂的注脚，全诗的情感发动机是诸葛亮的「未捷身先死」这个故事本身。\n\n《古柏行》不同。它的柏树不是背景，是主角；它的情感发动机不是某个历史故事，而是语言本身——每一个双关都在把树往人这边拉。可以说《蜀相》是借物怀人，《古柏行》是借物写己。前者靠故事动人，后者靠语言机制合一。这就是为什么《蜀相》的动人集中在「泪满襟」一句，而《古柏行》的动人弥散在全诗每一个关键字里。\n\n## 六、总评\n\n《古柏行》最深的功夫，不在写了一棵怎样的柏树，而在让柏树与人在每一个关键语词里都无法分离。从「青铜」「石」的坚硬，到「正直」「苦心」「梁栋」「文章」的人格化，再到「材」字的双关收束——双关不是修辞花招，而是物我合一的施工图。读者若只把末句「材大难为用」当成杜甫的牢骚，就等于把整首诗里那条贯穿始终的双关线索又缩回成一句感叹。","assets":{"poem_id":"48a71bd6453b","title":"古柏行","version_name":"文本细读版","appreciation_title":"文本细读：六个双关怎样让柏树与人合为一体","author":"杜甫","dynasty":"唐代","poem_text":"孔明庙前有老柏，柯如青铜根如石。\n霜皮溜雨四十围，黛色参天二千尺。\n君臣已与时际会，树木犹为人爱惜。\n云来气接巫峡长，月出寒通雪山白。\n忆昨路绕锦亭东，先主武侯同閟宫。\n崔嵬枝干郊原古，窈窕丹青户牖空。\n落落盘踞虽得地，冥冥孤高多烈风。\n扶持自是神明力，正直原因造化功。\n大厦如倾要梁栋，万牛回首丘山重。\n不露文章世已惊，未辞翦伐谁能送？\n苦心岂免容蝼蚁，香叶终经宿鸾凤。\n志士幽人莫怨嗟：古来材大难为用。","source_url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1bv411b7QG","skill":"appreciate-tangshi","generated_at":"2026-07-02T20:57:05+00:00","public_dir":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b","article_path":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b/version-faaa2f1f1e.md","metadata_path":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b/version-faaa2f1f1e.metadata.json","transcript_path":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b/version-faaa2f1f1e.transcript.md","review_path":""},"source":{"type":"bilibili","url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1bv411b7QG","transcript_file":"/Users/bupt_absinth/Work/projects/poetry/skill/appreciate_tangshi/bilibili/古柏行/BV1bv411b7QG/merged_transcript.md"},"review":"","source_url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1bv411b7QG","generated_at":"2026-07-02T20:57:05+00:00"},{"version_name":"章法结构版","title":"章法细读：三次换韵怎样把咏物写成三级推进","body":"## 一、核心判断\n\n读《古柏行》的人大多会被它末尾那句「古来材大难为用」镇住，于是把全诗读成「为这一句铺垫的咏物」。这是把章法读没了。这首诗是杜甫少见的转韵七言古诗，通篇换韵三次，每八句一韵一意——三次换韵不是声音的装饰，而是诗意的三级推进：第一段写老柏之「象」，第二段写老柏之「神」，第三段写老柏之「用」与「不用」。韵脚即章法，章法即深化路径。\n\n我在这篇赏析里要讨论的，正是杜甫怎样用换韵这个形式动作，把一首咏物诗写成三级推进——而不是把所有意思平铺在一个声音里。\n\n## 二、从关键诗句进入\n\n先听全诗的韵脚。\n\n第一段八句的韵脚是「柏、石、尺、惜、白」——「孔明庙前有老柏，柯如青铜根如石」「霜皮溜雨四十围，黛色参天二千尺」「君臣已与时际会，树木犹为人爱惜」「云来气接巫峡长，月出寒通雪山白」。这五个韵脚字几乎都是入声或短促的字，落在「老」「硬」「粗」「高」「惜」「白」这些外在特征上。这一段做的事是写形——树的年龄、树的外形、树的姿态、树的环境。八个句子层层深入：从年龄写到外形，再写到内在寄托的精神，再写到所在的山顶环境。韵脚短促，因为这一段还在「看」的层面，目光还没钻进树里。\n\n第二段韵脚突变，换成「东、宫、空、风、功」——「忆昨路绕锦亭东，先主武侯同閟宫」「崔嵬枝干郊原古，窈窕丹青户牖空」「落落盘踞虽得地，冥冥孤高多烈风」「扶持自是神明力，正直原因造化功」。这五个韵脚是平声、悠长，且字字都往「空」「风」「功」这种虚处走。一段写形，二段写神——写神用的是反衬：拉来成都武侯祠的柏树林作对照。成都柏在郊原、在合祀的祠堂里，安安静静；夔州柏在山顶、在独祀的庙前，孤高招风。这一段的韵脚拉长，因为目光已经从树的表皮钻进树的命运。\n\n## 三、诗意如何转深\n\n第三段韵脚再变，换成「栋、重、送、凤、用」——「大厦如倾要梁栋，万牛回首丘山重」「不露文章世已惊，未辞翦伐谁能送」「苦心岂免容蝼蚁，香叶终经宿鸾凤」「志士幽人莫怨嗟，古来材大难为用」。这五个韵脚字字都往「用」这个字上压——栋是材之所用，重是材之所累，送是材之所难，凤是材之所配，用是材之所终。一段写象，二段写神，三段写用与不用。三次换韵，三级推进，杜甫把一首咏物诗的内核逐层拧紧。\n\n为什么非要换韵？因为不换韵就推进不了。可以拿杜甫自己的《寄韩谏议注》作对照——那首也是七言古诗，但通篇一韵到底。一韵到底的好处是气脉不断，适合一个情绪一贯到底的题材。《古柏行》不行。这首诗要从外在描写滑到内在品格，再滑到个人寄托，三层意思的密度完全不同。若强用一个韵统住，三层就会被压平成一层，诗就泄了气。换韵是杜甫给这首诗装的台阶——读者每走八步就被换一个声音，于是知道意思也要换一层了。\n\n更细的一笔在每段的开头。第一段开头「孔明庙前有老柏」是平起，直接点题；第二段开头「忆昨路绕锦亭东」用「忆昨」二字把时空从夔州拉回成都，是调度的开关；第三段开头「大厦如倾要梁栋」突然把镜头从山顶古柏拉到一个倾覆的大厦，是寄情的开关。三次开头三种语气：陈述、追忆、断言。换韵的同时换语气，杜甫不让读者在同一个声音和同一个姿态里走完全程。\n\n## 四、必要考据\n\n- 《古柏行》为转韵七言古诗（歌行体），共 24 句，每八句一换韵，共三换韵。韵脚依次为：柏/石/尺/惜/白（入声韵）→ 东/宫/空/风/功（平声东冬韵）→ 栋/重/送/凤/用（去声送韵为主）。三段韵脚的声调走势由促入长、由长入重，与诗意由形入神、由神入用的推进同步。\n- 杜甫《寄韩谏议注》为七古一韵到底之作，可作对照。歌行体本就以「篇法短长、音节变换」为能，杜甫在《古柏行》里把换韵当作章法工具，而非声音装饰。\n- 「忆昨」为古诗常见追忆之词，非「昨夜」，泛指回忆往昔。此处指杜甫回忆在成都草堂时期游武侯祠的旧事。\n- 三段各八句的划分并非后人强加，韵脚本身已给出断点；历代注家多从此分法。\n\n## 五、比较与定位\n\n可以拿同是杜甫晚年夔州作的《观公孙大娘弟子舞剑器行》对读。那首也是七古，也换韵，但它的换韵服务于「今昔对照」——一遍遍在「当年」与「如今」之间跳切，换韵是时间的切换键。\n\n《古柏行》的换韵不一样。它的三段不是时间上的今昔跳切，而是逻辑上的层层下钻——从象到神到用，是从外到内、从物到人的单向深入。换韵在这里不是切换键，是钻头。每换一次韵，杜甫就把诗意的深度往下打一层。这就是为什么《古柏行》读起来不像今昔对照，更像一个镜头不断拉近的特写：先是远看一棵树，再是看见树里的命运，再是看见命运里的人。\n\n## 六、总评\n\n《古柏行》的章法不是「分三段写」那么简单。杜甫用三次换韵给一首咏物诗装了三级台阶，每一级换一个声音、换一个语气、换一层意思——象、神、用。读它的人若只听见末句「材大难为用」的感叹，就等于把三级台阶当成平地，错过了杜甫用韵脚一锤一锤凿出来的深化路径。这首诗的形式就是它的内容：换韵不只是声音变了，是诗该往深处走了。","assets":{"poem_id":"48a71bd6453b","title":"古柏行","version_name":"章法结构版","appreciation_title":"章法细读：三次换韵怎样把咏物写成三级推进","author":"杜甫","dynasty":"唐代","poem_text":"孔明庙前有老柏，柯如青铜根如石。\n霜皮溜雨四十围，黛色参天二千尺。\n君臣已与时际会，树木犹为人爱惜。\n云来气接巫峡长，月出寒通雪山白。\n忆昨路绕锦亭东，先主武侯同閟宫。\n崔嵬枝干郊原古，窈窕丹青户牖空。\n落落盘踞虽得地，冥冥孤高多烈风。\n扶持自是神明力，正直原因造化功。\n大厦如倾要梁栋，万牛回首丘山重。\n不露文章世已惊，未辞翦伐谁能送？\n苦心岂免容蝼蚁，香叶终经宿鸾凤。\n志士幽人莫怨嗟：古来材大难为用。","source_url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1bv411b7QG","skill":"appreciate-tangshi","generated_at":"2026-07-02T20:57:39+00:00","public_dir":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b","article_path":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b/version-8b506ac7e4.md","metadata_path":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b/version-8b506ac7e4.metadata.json","transcript_path":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b/version-8b506ac7e4.transcript.md","review_path":""},"source":{"type":"bilibili","url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1bv411b7QG","transcript_file":"/Users/bupt_absinth/Work/projects/poetry/skill/appreciate_tangshi/bilibili/古柏行/BV1bv411b7QG/merged_transcript.md"},"review":"","source_url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1bv411b7QG","generated_at":"2026-07-02T20:57:39+00:00"},{"version_name":"兴发感动版","title":"兴发感动：「莫怨嗟」的悖论为什么更让人叹","body":"## 一、核心判断\n\n读《古柏行》的人记住的总是末句「古来材大难为用」。这七个字确实有力，可如果它单独出现，不过是一句牢骚——古往今来写怀才不遇的牢骚太多了。这首诗真正让人叹到心里的，不是这句断语本身，而是它前面那句「志士幽人莫怨嗟」。越说「不要叹」，越让人非叹不可；越把叹气判为无用，读者越觉得这口气堵在胸口。这就是《古柏行》最深的兴发机制——它不描写情绪，而是造一个让人躲不开情绪的句子结构。\n\n我在这篇赏析里要讨论的，正是这个「莫怨嗟」的悖论，以及它后面「古来」二字怎样把杜甫一人的不遇，升为所有时代所有大材共有的历史规律。\n\n## 二、从关键诗句进入\n\n先看末二句的语序：「志士幽人莫怨嗟，古来材大难为用。」\n\n正常逻辑应该是：因为「古来材大难为用」，所以「志士幽人」不免要怨嗟——先有原因，后有情绪。可杜甫把顺序倒了过来：先命令你不要叹，再告诉你为什么叹也没用。这个倒装不是修辞小聪明，是兴发的开关。一旦把「莫怨嗟」放在前面，读者就被推到一个尴尬位置——你还没来得及叹，就被诗人预先判了「叹也没用」；可正因为被判了「叹也没用」，你反而非叹不可。\n\n这是用祈使句造的反向放大。「莫怨嗟」三个字表面上压情绪，底下把情绪顶到最高。杜甫没说自己心里多苦，他只是不许你叹——于是你也尝到了那口叹不出来的气。\n\n## 三、诗意如何转深\n\n「莫怨嗟」的悖论还只是第一层。真正让这个结尾获得普遍重量的，是「古来」二字。\n\n若杜甫说「我今材大难为用」，这是一句个人牢骚，读者同情一下就过去。可他说的是「古来材大难为用」——自古以来的规律。一句话的尺度从「我」跳到「古来」，从一个人的处境跳到所有时代所有大材的共同命运。这一跳，杜甫把自己的不遇写进了历史规律：不是运气不好、不是没人赏识，而是凡是大材，自古皆然。这一来，个人的牢骚就变成了普遍的叹息——诸葛亮的「出师未捷」是这样，杜甫自己的「百年多病独登台」是这样，往后千百年里所有品高才大而无处施展的人，都将在这一句里找到自己的位置。\n\n这就是「古来」的兴发力量：它不让你替杜甫一个人难过，它让你替所有被这句话罩住的人难过。\n\n再看这一段语气怎么转。前十六句都是描写——写树、写庙、写山、写云、写月、写风、写神明、写万牛。读者跟着诗人的目光在树身上来回打量。到第三段开头「大厦如倾要梁栋」，镜头突然从山顶古柏拉到一个倾覆的大厦，语气开始往寄情上滑。可真正的语气断裂发生在末二句——「志士幽人莫怨嗟」突然由描写转入直接呼告，诗人不再写树，他转过头来对着你说话。这一转身是全诗最陡的转折。前十六句你是在看一棵柏树，到这一句你发现杜甫一直站在你旁边，他看的是你，也是他自己。\n\n## 四、必要考据\n\n- 「怨嗟」为同义复词，怨亦嗟、嗟亦怨，皆为叹息之辞。「莫」为禁止副词，整句为祈使语气——劝志士幽人不要叹息。语气越克制，压抑越深。\n- 「古来」即「自古以来」，在唐诗中常作历史规律断言之语，如李白「古来万事东流水」、高适「古来剖符须英杰」。杜甫此处用「古来」把「材大难为用」推为通则，非一人之遇。\n- 杜甫夔州时期处境：大历元年（766）前后，55 岁，严武去世后离成都，携家至夔州依附柏茂琳。功业无成，疾病缠身，国家多故。同期作《秋兴八首》《咏怀古迹五首》《八阵图》等，多沉郁之音。\n- 「志士幽人」并提：志士指有志用世者，幽人指隐居不仕者——两类才大之人都在「莫怨嗟」的劝诫之内，可见「材大难为用」不分出处。\n\n## 五、比较与定位\n\n可以拿杜甫自己十年前在成都写的《蜀相》对读。两首诗同写诸葛亮、同及柏树、同叹才不获用，但兴发机制不同。\n\n《蜀相》的动人集中在「出师未捷身先死，长使英雄泪满襟」。这一句靠的是故事本身的悲剧性——诸葛亮壮志未酬就病死五丈原，这个历史事实本身就够让人哭。「长使英雄泪满襟」是情感共鸣：你想到诸葛亮，你就哭。\n\n《古柏行》不靠故事。它末尾那句「古来材大难为用」不是讲某个人的悲剧，而是断言一条规律。它不让你哭，它让你叹——而且先把叹判为无用，再让你非叹不可。《蜀相》的兴发是「为他哭」，《古柏行》的兴发是「替所有这样的人叹，包括我自己」。前者靠一个故事，后者靠一个句子结构。这就是为什么《蜀相》读罢你想着诸葛亮，《古柏行》读罢你想的是所有被「材大难为用」罩住的人——也包括此刻读诗的你。\n\n## 六、总评\n\n《古柏行》最深的兴发机制，不在「古来材大难为用」这句断语，而在它前面那个「莫怨嗟」的悖论——越禁止叹，越让人叹；在它后面那个「古来」的尺度跃迁——把一个人的不遇升为所有时代所有大材的共命。杜甫没有描写自己多苦，他造了一个让人躲不开情绪的句子结构，然后转身对你说话。读它的人若只把末句当成杜甫的牢骚，就等于错过了那个被「莫怨嗟」预先封住、却因此堵得更厉害的胸口。","assets":{"poem_id":"48a71bd6453b","title":"古柏行","version_name":"兴发感动版","appreciation_title":"兴发感动：「莫怨嗟」的悖论为什么更让人叹","author":"杜甫","dynasty":"唐代","poem_text":"孔明庙前有老柏，柯如青铜根如石。\n霜皮溜雨四十围，黛色参天二千尺。\n君臣已与时际会，树木犹为人爱惜。\n云来气接巫峡长，月出寒通雪山白。\n忆昨路绕锦亭东，先主武侯同閟宫。\n崔嵬枝干郊原古，窈窕丹青户牖空。\n落落盘踞虽得地，冥冥孤高多烈风。\n扶持自是神明力，正直原因造化功。\n大厦如倾要梁栋，万牛回首丘山重。\n不露文章世已惊，未辞翦伐谁能送？\n苦心岂免容蝼蚁，香叶终经宿鸾凤。\n志士幽人莫怨嗟：古来材大难为用。","source_url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1bv411b7QG","skill":"appreciate-tangshi","generated_at":"2026-07-02T20:58:17+00:00","public_dir":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b","article_path":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b/version-a0fc1592c3.md","metadata_path":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b/version-a0fc1592c3.metadata.json","transcript_path":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b/version-a0fc1592c3.transcript.md","review_path":""},"source":{"type":"bilibili","url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1bv411b7QG","transcript_file":"/Users/bupt_absinth/Work/projects/poetry/skill/appreciate_tangshi/bilibili/古柏行/BV1bv411b7QG/merged_transcript.md"},"review":"","source_url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1bv411b7QG","generated_at":"2026-07-02T20:58:17+00:00"},{"version_name":"怀古考据版","title":"怀古考据：夔州柏与成都柏的双城对照","body":"## 一、核心判断\n\n读《古柏行》的人往往把它读成「夔州孔明庙前的一棵柏树」。这没错，但漏了诗的隐藏发动机——双柏双城对照。这首诗里其实有两棵柏树、两座城、两座祠庙：夔州山顶的孤柏，与成都郊原的柏树林；夔州独祀诸葛亮的孔明庙，与成都刘备诸葛亮合祀的武侯祠。杜甫用「忆昨」二字在两个时空之间调度，让这棵夔州柏从成都柏的对照里显出「孤高多烈风」的命运。再往下，双城对照背后是杜甫自己的处境位移——从成都草堂的相对安稳，到夔州山城的漂泊晚境。\n\n我在这篇赏析里要讨论的，正是这个双城对照结构怎样让怀古与慨叹两层诗意同时落地。\n\n## 二、从关键诗句进入\n\n全诗的调度开关在第九句：「忆昨路绕锦亭东，先主武侯同閟宫。」\n\n「忆昨」二字把时空从夔州拉回成都。前八句读者刚在夔州孔明庙前站定，刚看完那棵老柏的青铜枝、石头根、霜皮黛色、巫峡云气、雪山月寒。突然「忆昨」一转，人到了锦江边的草堂（锦亭是草堂别称），顺着绕过锦亭东边的小路，走到一座祠庙——「先主武侯同閟宫」。这一句的信息量极大：成都这座祠庙里，刘备（先主）和诸葛亮（武侯）是合祀在一起的，「同閟宫」三字是关键。\n\n这跟夔州不一样。夔州的孔明庙只祀诸葛亮一人，没有刘备。同是祭祀诸葛亮，两座祠庙的规格不同，背后是两个地方对诸葛亮的不同定位。成都的合祀凸显的是「君臣际会」——刘备与诸葛亮那一对千古君臣的相得；夔州的独祀则让诸葛亮单独承担起全部的仰望。杜甫用一个「同」字把两座祠庙的差异点破，又用一个「忆」字把两个时空叠在一起。这是双城对照的第一笔。\n\n## 三、诗意如何转深\n\n对照真正发力，在接下来四句对成都柏的描写和再下四句对夔州柏的反衬。\n\n「崔嵬枝干郊原古，窈窕丹青户牖空。」这是成都柏。崔嵬是高大，郊原古是郊野的古意——成都武侯祠在城外，柏树长在一片郊原柏林里，有古意，也安稳。「窈窕丹青户牖空」写祠庙幽深、画像静默、门窗空寂少人。整幅画面是静的、群落的、被时间磨平了棱角的。成都柏有伴，不孤。\n\n镜头再切回夔州：「落落盘踞虽得地，冥冥孤高多烈风。」夔州柏是「落落」——挺拔独立；「盘踞」——立于山巅；「虽得地」——占了显要位置；「冥冥孤高多烈风」——因为高、因为孤，烈风必摧。木秀于林风必摧之，可夔州柏根本不在「林」里，它是一座山巅上的一棵，连互相挡风的同伴都没有。成都柏在郊原柏林中安享古意，夔州柏在山顶独承烈风——这是双城对照最锋利的一刀。\n\n这一刀不是为对照而对照。它把「得地」与「招风」、「群居」与「孤高」两种命运摆在一起，让读者自己看出：同样是一棵柏树，长在哪种地方，就有什么样的命。这一来，怀古（诸葛亮在两地的不同祭祀规格）与慨叹（杜甫自己在两地的不同处境）就同时落地了——不用诗人明说，对照已经替他说完。\n\n## 四、必要考据\n\n- **夔州孔明庙**：在今重庆奉节（唐夔州）。奉节为长江三峡起点，夔门两岸高山相对如门。杜甫大历元年（766）至大历三年（768）寓居夔州，依附都督柏茂琳。此地孔明庙独祀诸葛亮，无刘备。\n- **成都武侯祠**：在今成都南郊，杜甫草堂（锦亭）以东。唐代祠内刘备与诸葛亮合祀，即「先主武侯同閟宫」。杜甫居成都草堂期间（760—765）曾往游，并作《蜀相》「锦官城外柏森森，丞相祠堂何处寻」。\n- **「锦亭」**：杜甫成都草堂别称，因草堂临锦江而得名。严武曾表荐杜甫为检校工部员外郎，后人亦称草堂一带为「工部祠」。\n- **召伯甘棠典故**：《诗经·召南·甘棠》载周召伯于甘棠树下听讼理政，殁后民众相戒护树，不忍剪伐。「树木犹为人爱惜」暗用此典，言人德感通后世、树木因人得护。夔州古柏未必诸葛亮手植，但以其在孔明庙而得护——这是「怀古」的伦理基础。\n- **杜甫两期处境对照**：成都时期（760—765）依严武，生活相对安稳，作《蜀相》时尚有「映阶碧草自春色」的从容；夔州时期（766—768）严武已殁，携家漂泊，疾病缠身，功业无成，作《古柏行》时已是「冥冥孤高多烈风」的心境。\n- 「閟宫」本为《诗经·鲁颂》篇名，指神庙；此处借指祠庙。「同閟宫」即合祀一庙。\n\n## 五、比较与定位\n\n可以拿杜甫自己十年前在成都写的《蜀相》对读。两首诗同写诸葛亮、同及柏树，但双城对照的视角不同。\n\n《蜀相》只写一座城——成都。它的柏树是「锦官城外柏森森」，是群落，是祠堂的注脚；它的目光停在诸葛亮「出师未捷身先死」这一桩悲剧上，怀古是单一维度的。\n\n《古柏行》写两座城、两棵柏树。它把夔州柏与成都柏并置，让读者在对照里看出「独祀」与「合祀」、「孤高招风」与「郊原古意」的差别。这种双城对照让怀古获得了空间纵深——诸葛亮不再只是一个故事，他在两个地方以两种方式被记忆。更狠的是，杜甫把自己的处境也叠进了这个对照：成都时期的相对安稳，夔州时期的孤高招风。十年前他写柏树还是旁观者，十年后他写柏树已是局中人。《蜀相》的柏树是诸葛亮的，《古柏行》的柏树既是诸葛亮的，也是杜甫自己的——这个转变，正是双城对照促成的。\n\n## 六、总评\n\n《古柏行》最深的结构，不是「写一棵夔州柏」，而是「用夔州柏与成都柏的双城对照，把怀古与慨叹同时落地」。一座独祀的庙、一座合祀的庙；一棵山顶孤柏、一片郊原柏林；一个相对安稳的成都时期、一个孤高招风的夔州时期——杜甫用「忆昨」二字在两个时空之间调度，让对照替他把话说完。读它的人若只看见夔州那一棵柏树，就等于把双城对照读成了单城速写，错过了杜甫藏在两座祠庙之间的那十年位移。","assets":{"poem_id":"48a71bd6453b","title":"古柏行","version_name":"怀古考据版","appreciation_title":"怀古考据：夔州柏与成都柏的双城对照","author":"杜甫","dynasty":"唐代","poem_text":"孔明庙前有老柏，柯如青铜根如石。\n霜皮溜雨四十围，黛色参天二千尺。\n君臣已与时际会，树木犹为人爱惜。\n云来气接巫峡长，月出寒通雪山白。\n忆昨路绕锦亭东，先主武侯同閟宫。\n崔嵬枝干郊原古，窈窕丹青户牖空。\n落落盘踞虽得地，冥冥孤高多烈风。\n扶持自是神明力，正直原因造化功。\n大厦如倾要梁栋，万牛回首丘山重。\n不露文章世已惊，未辞翦伐谁能送？\n苦心岂免容蝼蚁，香叶终经宿鸾凤。\n志士幽人莫怨嗟：古来材大难为用。","source_url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1bv411b7QG","skill":"appreciate-tangshi","generated_at":"2026-07-02T20:58:53+00:00","public_dir":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b","article_path":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b/version-ea440a5c47.md","metadata_path":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b/version-ea440a5c47.metadata.json","transcript_path":"/appreciation/48a71bd6453b/version-ea440a5c47.transcript.md","review_path":""},"source":{"type":"bilibili","url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1bv411b7QG","transcript_file":"/Users/bupt_absinth/Work/projects/poetry/skill/appreciate_tangshi/bilibili/古柏行/BV1bv411b7QG/merged_transcript.md"},"review":"","source_url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1bv411b7QG","generated_at":"2026-07-02T20:58:53+00:00"}]}